![]() Even Alfred the Great, more famous for his military resistance, was forced to 'make peace' on occasion. 'Making peace' was a polite expression for 'paying them to go away', and could involve large sums, such as the 7,000 pounds paid by the Frankish ruler Charles the Bald in 845. Such payments were also common in the ninth century, and both Anglo-Saxon and Frankish chronicles are full of references to rulers 'making peace' with the raiders. The idea of 'Danegeld' is particularly associated today with the reign of Ethelred II (978-1016), whose policy of paying off the Vikings rather than fighting them was famously unsuccessful, and led to the conquest of England by Svein Forkbeard and Cnut. These were apparently of very little interest to Viking raiders.īoth in England and on the Continent, native rulers regularly paid Viking raiders to leave them in peace. Northumbria also had a coinage, but unusually this was mostly made up of copper and bronze coins with a much lower value. East Anglia, Kent, Mercia and Wessex all had silver coinage, although the Kentish coinage disappeared after the kingdom was swallowed up by Wessex in the 820s. The main Anglo-Saxon kingdoms each had their own coinage, and the wealth of Anglo-Saxon England was probably one of the main causes of the Viking expansion. Although the Empire was divided after 840, the tradition of strong silver coinage continued in the various smaller kingdoms that replaced it. The Frankish Empire had a strong centralised coinage, which had been introduced by Charlemagne around the time of the first recorded raid. The Viking raids of the ninth century brought the raiders into regular contact with the monetary economies of western Europe. Viking coin-weight from Wareham, with inset silver penny of Ethelred I of Wessex The show of wealth was more important than the idea of a coin-based economy. In other cases, coins were even mounted as jewellery. In many cases, imported coins were melted down as the raw material for arm-rings, neck-rings or brooches. Like many peoples throughout history, the Vikings demonstrated their wealth and status by wearing beautiful jewellery, or by having expensively ornamented weapons, which were their equivalents of the Armani suit or the Rolex watch of today. Precious metals were also a symbol of wealth and power. Traders carried small scales which could measure weight very accurately, so it was possible to have a very precise system of trade and exchange even without a regular coinage. Imported coins and fragments of coins were also used for the same purpose. Large pieces of jewellery were often chopped up into smaller pieces known as 'hack-silver' to make up the exact weight of silver required. Silver circulated in the form of bars, or ingots, as well as in the form of jewellery and ornaments. ![]() Far and away the most common metal in the economy was silver, although gold was also used. This is what is known as a bullion economy, in which the weight and the purity of the precious metal are what is important, not what form the metal takes. ![]()
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![]() You can easily stack several images, either manually or. Learn more about the HDR merging in this article. For most landscape photographers, a program such as Photoshop CC or Affinity Photo is more than enough. The result is a linear DNG that behaves like a RAW file for further editing. With this feature, you can increase the dynamic range of your images by merging your bracketed RAW files directly within Capture One. Be sure to have Auto selected in the Auto-Align Layers dialog before pressing OK. The HDR merging feature has been introduced in Capture One 22 (15.0.0). Stay Focused is a new app that brings focus stacking to the iPhone. How can I make HDR photo merging in Capture One? Using Helicon Focus® with processed variantsĮxporting JPEG/TIFF files to Helicon Focusģ. Processing RAW files and exporting them to Helicon Focus The Helicon Focus plugin for Capture One provides a fully automated roundtrip workflow.Įxporting sequences to Helicon Focus for focus stacking When capturing image sequences destined for focus stacking, you can use Capture One to select the appropriate sequence and then export the images to the dedicated focus stacking application Helicon Focus. Learn more about the Panorama Stitch ing in this article. ![]() Panorama Stitch Tool outputs a linear DNG that behaves like a RAW file for further editing. From now on, you can c reate stunning panorama perspectives, achieve super-resolution, or get creative with an extremely shallow depth of field from multi-row stitching – all in Capture One. MIOPS Slider adjusts the camera position fractionally to take several images focused at different points. Working with a geotagging app on the iPhone. Focus stacking in macro photography is a great technique to produce stunning results. Shooting small objects can be tricky because the macro lens cant focus on the whole object at once. Listening to the focus event with an event listener. Sometimes youll find that the focus stack, using this technique, it worked well for the first part but not. Panorama Stitch ing feature has been introduced in Capture One 22 (15.0.0) to stitch RAW files into Panorama DNG files. a particular screen in a Tab Navigator, or to track user events as they tap around our app. Stacking algorithm and alignment slightly improved. Clothepins in December ( Click to enlarge.) Tips & News New Version uploaded on January, 27. How can I make HDR merging in Capture One? Focus stacking, image processing, 3D, and more. Is there an option for focus stacking in Capture One?ģ. Is it possible to join two or more RAW photos together to create a panorama in Capture One?Ģ. ![]() ![]() ![]() The close relationship between clinical diagnosis and the monitoring of increasingly specific therapies is one of the most important areas for CE-MRI use, along with research into new MRI contrast agents. ![]() The role of CE-MRI will continue to grow in the future as new imaging techniques are integrated into clinical practice. Today, CE-MRI is a valuable and established diagnostic imaging tool worldwide, used annually in approximately 30 million procedures, with more than 300 million procedures performed to date (Data on file, Bayer HealthCare). The first gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA), gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist ®), became available for clinical use globally in 1988 and, since then, eight further gadolinium chelates have been developed and approved in many regions worldwide.Īdvances in contrast media and the technical capabilities of MRI have increased the accuracy and utility of contrast-enhanced-MRI (CE-MRI) for many different indications. The year 2013 heralded the 25th anniversary of contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This review aims to provide an overview on the history of MRI and contrast media development, to highlight certain key advances in the clinical development of CE-MRI, to outline current technical trends and clinical challenges, and to suggest some important future perspectives. CE-MRI continues to evolve, with new techniques, advanced technologies, and novel contrast agents bringing exciting opportunities for more sensitive, targeted imaging and improved patient management, along with associated clinical challenges. Today, after 25 years of contrast-enhanced (CE-) MRI in clinical practice, the utility of this diagnostic imaging modality has expanded beyond initial expectations to become an essential tool for disease diagnosis and management worldwide. ![]() Since then, a plethora of studies have investigated the potential of MRI contrast agents for diagnostic imaging across the body, including the central nervous system, heart and circulation, breast, lungs, the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, musculoskeletal and lymphatic systems, and even the skin. In 1988, the first contrast agent specifically designed for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist ®), became available for clinical use. ![]() ![]() ![]() PC: Windows 8, Windows 7: 1 GHz 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (圆4) processor, 2 GB available hard disk space, CD-ROM/DVD drive or Internet connection, USB port, Internet Explorer Windows Vista: 800 MHz 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (圆4) processor, 2 GB available hard disk space, CD-ROM/DVD drive or Internet connection, USB port, Internet Explorer Windows XP Service Pack 3 or higher (32-bit only): any Intel® Pentium® II, Celeron® or compatible processor, 233 MHz or higher, 750 MB available hard disk space, CD-ROM/DVD drive or Internet connection, USB port, Internet Explorer 6 or higher. Mac OS X v 10.6, OS X Lion, OS X Mountain Lion Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP (Service Pack 2)* or higher (32-bit only) Up to 101 pages in black and white with standard resolution More complicated pages or higher resolution will take longer and use more memory. Paper (brochure, inkjet, plain), photo paper, envelopes, labels, cards (greeting), transparenciesįax transmission speed (seconds per page):īased on standard ITU-T test image #1 at standard resolution. Letter, legal, 4 x 6 in, 5 x 7 in, 8 x 10 in, No. Up to 9600 x 2400-optimized dpi (when printing from a computer on selected HP photo papers and 1200-input dpi)ġ25-sheet input tray, 20-sheet photo tray, 25-sheet Automatic Document Feeder (ADF)ĭuplex printing (printing on both sides of paper): Actual yield depends on printer and specific use. Print speed, color, 4圆 photo (draft mode):Įither after first page or after first set of ISO test pages. ![]() Print speed color (ISO, laser comparable): Print Speed Black (ISO, laser comparable): HP ePrint, HP wireless direct printing, Apple AirPrint™ Supports most current versions of Microsoft® Internet Explorer® and Mozilla® Firefox®.Free, convenient cartridge recycling in 47 countries.Print only the Web content you need with HP Smart Print.Save paper by up to 50% using automatic two-sided printing.Get free, easy cartridge recycling through HP Planet Partners.Consume up to 50% less paper, using automatic two-sided printing and copying.Conserve energy-this e-all-in-one is ENERGY STAR® qualified.Download convenient, free apps from HP and partners to wirelessly print directly from a smartphone.Easily print and share, using built-in wireless, and connect quickly with HP Auto Wireless Connect.Print from a smartphone or tablet with HP ePrint, and print from a wireless device-without a network.Print and share wirelessly-at home or on the go.Stay prepared-ensure photo paper is loaded and ready, using the automatic photo tray with peek window.Use the convenient memory card slots or easy-access USB port to print photos at the e-all-in-one.Use the 4.33-inch (10.99 cm) color touchscreen to easily print, copy, scan, fax, and access Web content.Print lab-quality, fade-resistant photos, using individual inks, including photo black ink. ![]() Produce vivid photos with touchscreen simplicity.Save time-automatically print and copy on both sides of a single page.Do more in less time, using an e-all-in-one with a 25-sheet automatic document feeder and fast print speeds.Scan everyday documents and photos straight to e-mail, and scan multiple files to a single document.Print documents and photos, make copies and scans, send faxes, access the Web, and print on the go.This HP printer uses one Black (CB316WN), one Cyan (CB318WN), one Magenta (CB319WN), one Yellow (CB320WN) and one Photo (CB317WN) ink cartridge. That’s because all the drivers are genuine HP drivers, which have been released by HP specifically for this multi-function printer. Windows XP and Windows 10 (32bit / 64bit)Īll the full features HP Photosmart 7525 drivers shared on this page are fully compatible with their respective operating systems.How to install driver manually using basic driver (.INF driver) How to install driver automatically using its setup file You must read our installation guide at least once before you start the installation of your newly downloaded printer driver. The printer driver installation process for various operating systems has been clearly explained in our printer driver installation guide shared below. Download the driver directly from the HP Photosmart 7525 official website.HP Photosmart 7525 driver for Linux, Ubuntu – Download.HP Photosmart 7525 driver for Mac OS 10.9 to 11.0 – Download (9.1 MB).HP Photosmart 7525 driver for Windows XP 32bit – Download (31 MB).Click the download link to get your HP Photosmart 7525 driver setup file.Find your preferred operating system in the list of OS given below.Steps to Download HP Photosmart 7525 Driver ![]() ![]() ![]() The relationship between the three statistics is given as: Where Ht and HI are the same as in Equations 4.4 and 4.5. Fit is therefore influenced by both non-random mating within a subpopulation (FIS) and population subdivision (FST), and is calculated as: This provides an overall inbreeding coefficient for an individual by measuring the heterozygosity of an individual relative to the total population. The third F-statistic, which is used much less frequently than the other two, is FIT. Where HS is the same as in Equation 4.4 and Ht is the expected heterozygosity of the total population. it is a measure of the degree of inbreeding within a subpopulation relative to the total population (total population here meaning all of the subpopulations combined), and reflects the probability that two alleles drawn at random from within a subpopulation are identical by descent. The second F-statistic is FST (also known as the fixation index), and this provides an estimate of the genetic differentiation between subpopulations. Where HI is the observed heterozygosity in a subpopulation at the time of investigation (individual heterozygosity) and HS is the heterozygosity that would be expected if the subpopulation was in HWE (subpopulation heterozygosity) This reflects the probability that two alleles within the same individual are identical by descent, and is the same as the inbreeding coefficient F that was introduced in Chapter 3. The first F-statistic, FIS, measures the degree of inbreeding within individuals relative to the rest of their subpopulation. Note that in describing these levels we will follow the convention set by the literature underlying the theory of F-statistics, and refer to spatially discrete samples as subpopulations instead of populations elsewhere we will revert to the more common practice of referring to discrete breeding units as populations. F-Statistics use inbreeding coefficients to describe the partitioning of genetic variation within and among populations and can be calculated at three different levels. ![]() Perhaps the most common method for quantifying the genetic differentiation between populations is based on F-statistics, which were developed by Wright (1951). ![]() ![]() ![]() I started with a Tivo away back in the Tivo 1 days and have had every box they made up to the bolt. On any case, Tivo is one of the worst for forcing ads in you and now very often prevents you from skipping content if they get paid by the provider extra to do so. The Tivo Bolts are terrible hardware devices and the Edge now comes with service but you have to pay either $400 for the box and $20 a month or pay $30 per month with service fir two years. Tivo support has gotten so darn bad as to be useless fir anything but purchases. You cant do anything with the Tivo propriety recordings. The so called skip feature only works if the video provider dypports it and most don’t. They want $20 a month for a service that is getting more and more locked down every month. Why not just make the best OTA DVR you can imagine? ![]() Considering all the other good stuff Plex can do, this is a pretty cost-effective solution. Just keep in mind that Plex Pass will cost you $4.99 per month (or $39.99 per year, or $119.99 for a lifetime subscription). This is a great way to keep costs low, as you’ll need relatively few things that you don’t (probably) already own. Using the Plex app, you can now stream live over-the-air TV on other devices and can record live TV (just keep in mind that you can’t do both at the same time, because you’re only using one TV tuner). You download Plex on that computer, connect an over-the-air antenna via a PC TV tuner like this one, and voil : you’ve created your own OTA DVR. So let’s say you choose to run Plex on your computer. You’ll need the premium version of the media server service Plex (called “Plex Pass”), device capable of running a Plex server, and (assuming your Plex-running device doesn’t already have one), a TV tuner. Then the makers of the OTA DVR need to provide an app that you can use on that different device to do that streaming.Īs it turns out, you can replicate this entire setup yourself without actually having to buy an OTA DVR at all. Then it has Wi-Fi, so that it can allow that file to be streamed on a different device. It has storage (or asks you to provide it), so that it can write a video file to your computer, translating from the over-the-air signal as it goes. It has a TV tuner, which allows it to receive and interpret the signals that the antenna picks up. How does an OTA DVR work, when it comes right down to it? Professional reviewers like the ones at CNET and amateur reviewers like the ones who have populated the device’s Amazon page with starred reviews agree: this is a next-level device. The Roamio offers lots of streaming apps and a world-class user experience. The whole Roamio family of products is worthy of the TiVo name (cord havers, consider the Roamio Pro). TiVo gets away with that pricey DVR service for a reason: it remains the high-end superstar of the DVR market, OTA and cable alike. Still, if you’re looking for the best possible solution to your OTA DVR needs, it’s hard to make a case against the TiVo Roamio OTA. At $14.99 per month, the extra bills can really add up. While The TiVo Roamio family of products has long enjoyed positive press, critics and cord cutters alike have complained about TiVo’s pricey subscription service. The TiVo Roamio OTA isn’t perfect, of course. The price of the TiVo Roamio OTA has come down since its initial release, but the quality of the product remains elite, and it’s more than deserving of its spot on our list of the best OTA DVRs. TiVo has been dominating the DVR market for a long time now, so it comes as no surprise that it is back on our list yet again. The catch on that is that Tablo’s service costs $5 per month (though you can pre-pay for a lifetime subscription and not worry about those monthly payments, if you’re sure you’re going to be using Tablo for the long haul). Tablo offers a subscription service that will fill out a nice pretty TV guide for you and make recording content feel a bit more like you’d expect from a decent DVR. Because of this, it can actually, uh, do what it’s supposed to do without making you buy more stuff (well, besides your antenna – but that’s a pretty standard expectation in this space). No longer will you be expected to provide your own external storage to record your shows: sensibly, this model includes 64GB of on-board storage. ![]() The Tablo Dual OTA DVR also corrects some of the most frustrating things about past Tablo models. While we can’t vouch for it personally, the Tablo Dual OTA DVR has gotten solid marks from around the cord cutting web. Tablo devices have been a staple on our list of the best OTA DVRs for some time now, and this year is no exception thanks to this well-reviewed device. Nuvyyo’s Tablo Dual OTA DVR is the newest OTA DVR model from a company that has been solely focused on over-the-air fans and cord cutters from the start. ![]() ![]() ![]() In driving style the Velar feels noticeably sportier than other Range Rovers, though perhaps a little less sharp than the F-Pace. Unlike the closely related F-Pace PHEV the Velar at least doesn’t lose any boot space to the batteries, which is one tick in its favour over its Jaguar brother. Suffice to say, if you need to carry more than four people you’ll be better off with a Discovery. The swept-back windscreen means pretty poor visibility compared with other Range Rover products and the rear bench is configured to carry two in style and comfort while relegating anyone unfortunate enough to sit in the middle to second-class status. But if it fits your circumstances it could save you an absolute packet.Ĭompared with other Land Rover or Range Rover products the Velar feels almost low-slung and sports car like all things relative, and while it’s big and practical (the boot is especially huge) it puts style first and interior space second. Experience shows that real-world running costs are more dependent on whether you can charge at home and do most of your journeys within the 33-mile electric range, and plug-ins are no cheaper for long journeys. For company drivers those savings will continue each month with much cheaper Benefit In Kind, too. On first registration alone you’ll save over £1,000 on first-year VED (or ‘road tax’) compared with the similarly priced and equivalently powerful mild hybrid P400 version. ![]() Mild hybrid technology for the new engines ekes out a little more efficiency and helps the CO2 figures a tad but the real game-changer for the Velar is the new P400e plug-in hybrid version. Like for like the closely related Jaguar F-Pace tends to be cheaper and features the same engines and tech – both are good-looking, desirable products and the final choice will probably be driven by the heart as much as the head. A Porsche Macan might also be on the shopping list and is a sportier drive, though the Velar is considerably bigger and more practical. In comparison with German rivals, the Velar occupies a middle ground between the Mercedes GLC Coupe and BMW X4 and their bigger, more expensive Mercedes GLE and X5 brothers. Follow the link and select your desired city for dealership details.Style rather than price will be a primary motivating factor for Velar buyers, the car’s sleek looks and the allure of the Range Rover badge counting for a lot. Moreover, we would suggest you to take a test drive before making the final decision. Unlike the previous generation, the new X3 is on par with the competition in terms of the luxury quotient, interior space, gadgets and a comfortable ride without compromising on BMW’s driving dynamics. Whereas, the BMW X3 makes a great case for itself as THE midsize luxury SUV to go for in its segment. It’s an SUV that you can show off about and turn up in at any event knowing that it’s going to turn heads. The Velar is Land Rover’s way of giving you an emotional purchase. On the other hand, the Range Rover Velar is offered with a petrol engine only that churns out 250PS of power and 365Nm of torque. The petrol engine, on the other hand, is a 2.0-litre, 4-cylinder, twin-scroll turbocharged unit developing 252PS of maximum power and 350Nm of torque. ![]() The diesel engine is a 2.0-litre, 4-cylinder, turbocharged unit developing 190PS 4000rpm and 400Nm 1750-2500rpm. BMW X3 is offered with two engine options: one diesel and one petrol. Selecting between the BMW X3 and Land Rover Range Rover Velar would depend on certain factors such as your budget, usage of the car, features required, preference of powertrain options, etc. ![]() Which car is better between Land Rover Range Rover Velar and BMW X3? ![]() ![]() ![]() Unlike the previous two types, this type of narrator is not unreliable on purpose - they simply lack a traditional, “greater understanding.” This kind of unreliability can allow the reader to view your story with fresh eyes. His flagrant lies are therefore an exercise of his freedom.ģ) Naively Unreliable: Narrators who are honest but lack all the information ![]() For instance, even Alex from A Clockwork Orange has an underlying humanity: his desire for individual freedom above all. We don’t have to necessarily like them, but we need to understand them. This is one of the tricky parts of writing this kind of narrator: the character has to be compelling enough that we’ll keep connecting with them even if we suspect we’re being misled. ![]() They have your attention, the point of view is theirs, and they’ll choose what to do with it, regardless of any “responsibility” they might have to the reader.Ī quick note about this kind of narrator: people want to read about characters they can connect with or relate to. This type of narrator is intentionally lying to the reader because, well, they can. ![]() 1) Deliberately Unreliable: Narrators who are aware of their deception That said, we've divided these questionable raconteurs into three general types to better understand how they work as a literary device. Just like trying to classify every type of character would be an endless pursuit, so is trying to list every type of unreliable narrator. PRO-TIP: If you'd like to see the different points of view in action, check out this post that has plenty of point of view examples. While you may find an unreliable narrator who's written in the second-person or third-person point of view, this is generally rare. Unreliable narrators can make for intriguing, complex characters: depending on the narrator’s motivation for clouding the truth, readers may also feel more compelled to keep reading to figure out why the narrator is hiding things.įinally, all unreliable narrators are first-person: they live in the world of the story and will have an inherent bias or perhaps even an agenda. An unreliable narrator can create a lot of grey areas and blur the lines of reality, allowing us to come to our own conclusions.įallible storytellers can also create tension by keeping readers on their toes - wondering if there’s more under the surface, and reading between the lines to decipher what that is. If each person subjectively remembers something that happened, how do we know who is right? "Indeed, many writers have used the Rashomon Effect to tell stories from multiple first-person perspectives - leaving readers to determine whose record is most believable." (Check out As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner for an example).įor the purpose of this article, however, we will refer to narrators who are purposefully unreliable for a specific narrative function.Ĭlick to tweet! Literary function of an unreliable narratorįiction that makes us question our own perceptions can be powerful. The “ Rashomon Effect” tells us that our subjective perceptions prohibit us from ever having a totally clear memory of past events. In a sense, no, there aren’t any 100% completely reliable narrators. This discussion can lead us down a proverbial rabbit hole. For example, "The Tell-Tale Heart" published by Edgar Allan Poe in 1843 utilizes this storytelling tool, as does Wuthering Heights, published in 1847.īut wait, is any narrator really reliable? Booth in his 1961 book, The Rhetoric of Fiction, it’s a literary device that writers have been putting to good use for much longer than the past 80 years. While the term “unreliable narrator” was first coined by literary critic Wayne C. There are different types of unreliable narrators (more on that later), and the presence of one can be revealed to readers in varying ways - sometimes immediately, sometimes gradually, and sometimes later in the story when a plot twist leaves us wondering if we’ve maybe been a little too trusting. In literature, an unreliable narrator is a character who tells a story with a lack of credibility. ![]() ![]() ![]() Now I did not know the specifics or anything so I kept waiting for somethinf absolutely horrific to happen. Maybe I am just jaded from a life of horror movies, but I was constantly told by so many people and reddit how brutal that specific kill was. His acting was on point! Overall great movie but sadly one of those you can only watch once. Richard Jenkins deserved an Oscar for his performance in that film. Bone Tomahawk was a little slow at some parts, could have used a larger cast and spent more time fighting the enemy than just showing them traveling there 75% of the film. The only other death scene I can think of that's that gruesome was when pyramid head ripped that girls skin off in Silent Hill. Normally horror makes me yawn but that scene scarred me for life. ![]() There are some absolutely brutal death scenes, particularly one where a man is butchered by getting cut in half down the middle. I thought it was going to be just a normal cowboys vs Indians western. I went into the movie without watching the trailer or knowing anything about it. I thought, I need to see that because I love Kurt Russell. Someone on this sub the other day mentioned Bone Tomahawk. There's a ton of movies I'm just now getting around to watching. Latest Discussions The Super Mario Bros Movie Dungeons & Dragons: Honor Among Thieves John Wick: Chapter 4 Renfield Keanu Reeves Tobey Maguire The Big List of Movie-Related Subreddits.Our Full Rules and Wiki Filter Posts by Link FlairĬlick 'spoiler' after posting something to give it a spoiler tag! The post will then be hidden like this.įor leaked info about upcoming movies, twist endings, or anything else spoileresque, please use the following method: ![]() ![]() The house finch has a louder, longer "chirp" call with a rising pitch, while the purple finch's call is a soft "pik" sound.Purple Finches aren’t purple, and House Finches don’t stick to houses.
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